How do Israel's elections work and who are the main contenders?

Israel's general election is set for Tuesday, 27 October 2023, marking the first election since the 7 October 2023 Hamas-led attacks on Israel and the ensuing conflicts in Gaza, Iran, Hezbollah, and the Houthis. Many view this election as one of the most pivotal in Israel's history, with significant global implications.

Current polling indicates that Benjamin Netanyahu, the incumbent prime minister, is in a tight race with Gadi Eisenkot, a former head of the Israel Defense Forces and leader of the newly formed Yashar Party. Eisenkot's popularity is partly attributed to his military background and his recent entry into politics. He lost his son, a soldier, during the early months of the Gaza war and served in Netanyahu's war cabinet until resigning in 2024 due to disagreements over the conflict. His campaign emphasizes accountability for the security failures that led to the 7 October attacks.

Other notable opposition leaders include:

• Naftali Bennett (former prime minister)
• Avigdor Lieberman (right-wing)
• Yair Golan (left-wing)

Despite their differing views, these leaders could potentially collaborate with Eisenkot to form a government.

Netanyahu currently leads the most right-wing government in Israel's history. To maintain power, he may need to rely on support from far-right coalition partners, some of whom advocate for the annexation of the West Bank and the forced displacement of Palestinians from Gaza. Notably, some members of Netanyahu's Likud party have also called for Palestinian migration from the territory.

Approximately one-fifth of Israel's population is Arab, many of whom identify as Palestinian citizens of Israel. There are two Arab party blocs in the election, which could potentially act as kingmakers. However, most leading Jewish parties have ruled out collaboration with them.