More than 50 people have been killed since heavy fighting resumed in northern Ethiopia last week. Ethiopia and Eritrea have severed diplomatic relations as renewed fighting in northern Ethiopia raises fears of a wider regional conflict.

Diplomatic Breakdown

On Thursday, Ethiopia announced that it was closing its embassy in the Eritrean capital, Asmara, and ordered 10 Eritrean diplomats to leave the country within 48 hours, accusing them of activities that threatened national security. Eritrea responded by cutting diplomatic relations, stating that Ethiopia's decision left it with no choice but to take reciprocal action.

The diplomatic confrontation came hours after powerful explosions were heard overnight in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa, including near Ethiopia's military headquarters. This follows a sharp deterioration in relations between the neighbors, with Addis Ababa accusing Eritrea of supporting an alliance of armed groups fighting the Ethiopian government—an allegation Asmara has repeatedly denied.

Accusations and Responses

Ethiopia stated it was expelling 10 Eritrean diplomats who "pose a direct threat to Ethiopia's national security" and would shut its embassy in Asmara. In response, Eritrea announced late Thursday that it was severing diplomatic ties with Ethiopia, describing Addis Ababa's decision as "astounding".

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"Eritrea has no option but to reciprocate in kind and sever all diplomatic ties with Ethiopia," its foreign ministry said, warning of "negative corollaries" from the decision.

The diplomatic fallout comes as Ethiopian federal forces battle fighters from the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and its allies across parts of Tigray, Afar, and Amhara. The latest hostilities are the most serious since a peace agreement ended the devastating Tigray war in 2022. An African Union mediator previously estimated that about 600,000 people died during that two-year conflict.

Rising Tensions

Last month, the TPLF joined six other armed movements, including the Fano militia from Amhara, to form an alliance whose stated objective is to remove Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's government from power. Ethiopia has accused Eritrea of helping this alliance. A pro-government militia commander fighting in Tigray also told the BBC that Eritrean soldiers had been involved on the front lines, although the BBC has not independently verified this allegation.